Cervical dysplasia is a condition of abnormal changes in cells in the cervix (cervix). Dysplasia itself means abnormal cell and tissue development, but not cancer. This condition is generally known when a woman has a Pap smear.
In this condition, healthy cells in the cervix appear to have experienced some abnormal changes. These abnormal cells are not cancerous, but can develop into cancer if not treated as early as possible. Cervical dysplasia is often found in women in the age range of 25 to 35 years.
Caused by HPV Virus
Generally, the cause of cervical dysplasia is infection with the Human papillomavirus (HPV) virus that enters the body. HPV infection can be transmitted through sexual contact, including anal sex and oral sex. In addition, women smokers are more prone to develop cervical dysplasia into a more severe condition, due to the adverse effects contained in cigarette smoke for the immune system.
There are several risk factors for cervical dysplasia associated with the risk of HPV, including:
- Changing sexual partners
- Giving birth before the age of 16 years
- Having sex before the age of 18
- Suffer from a disease or undergo treatment that suppresses the immune system
How to diagnose Cervical Dysplasia
Normally, cervical dysplasia does not provide any distinctive signs or symptoms as long as the condition has not reached the stage of cancer. Through Pap smear cell changes in the cervix can be known more clearly, so that cervical dysplasia can be treated immediately. Pap smear is a test that can check the condition of cells, especially in the cervix, and is used as a routine check for early detection of cervical cancer.
Examination to see the presence of cervical dysplasia can also be done with colposcopy, which is a medical procedure that allows doctors to observe the cervix more closely. Colposcopy is done by telescoping the inside of the vagina to the cervix with a colposcope. You can undergo the examination in accordance with the most appropriate recommendations according to the results of the doctor's assessment.
Treatment Measures That Can Be Done
After diagnosis, treatment depends on the severity of the condition and the patient's age. For mild dysplasia in young women, generally only in the form of supervision and periodic Pap smears with a period determined by the doctor.
Meanwhile, if mild dysplasia occurs in older women, there will be monitoring for two years. Follow-up actions will be considered if within that time mild dysplasia changes to moderate or severe dysplasia, or is accompanied by other diseases.
For more severe dysplasia, treatment can be done in the form of:
- Cryosurgery to freeze and destroy abnormal cells.
- Laser therapy, to burn and remove abnormal tissue, uses laser light.
- LEEP (loop electrosurgical excision procedure), which uses electricity to remove abnormal tissue.
- Surgery to remove abnormal tissue (cone biopsy).
- Hysterectomy or removal of the uterus. This action is not very common, and is only recommended in certain cases that are classified as very severe.
One effective way to prevent cervical dysplasia, is to avoid HPV infection through healthy sexual behavior. If you are a woman who has been sexually active, then do regular Pap smears as a primary step to detect abnormalities in the cervix early on, including cervical dysplasia.
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